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The Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone were a group of originally about 600 Jamaican Maroons from Trelawny Town (one of the five Maroon towns in Jamaica) who were deported by British forces following the Second Maroon War, first to Nova Scotia and in 1800 to Sierra Leone. Following their rebellion against the colonial government, in the Second Maroon War of 1796, about 600 Jamaican Maroons from Trelawny Town were deported to Nova Scotia .〔Grant, John. ''Black Nova Scotians''. Nova Scotia: The Nova Scotia Museum, 1980.〕 The Jamaican government tired of the cost of maintaining order, had decided to rid themselves of "the problem". Immediate actions were put in place for the removal of one group of Maroons (Trelawney) to Lower Canada (Quebec); Upper Canada (Ontario) had also been suggested as a suitable place. The British decided to send this group to Halifax, Nova Scotia, until any further instructions were received from England. Two gentlemen, Messrs Quarrell and Octerloney, were sent from Jamaica with the Maroons as Commissioners. On 26 June 1796, the ''Dover'', ''Mary'', and ''Anne'' sailed from Port Royal Harbour, Jamaica to Halifax. One arrived in Halifax on 21 July, the other two followed two days later, carrying a total of 543 men, women and children. The Duke of Kent and Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in North America, impressed with the proud bearing and other characteristics of the Maroons, employed the group to work on the new fortifications at the Citadel Hill in Halifax. The Lieutenant-Governor Sir John Wentworth believed that the Maroons would be good settlers. He received orders from the Duke of Portland to settle them in Nova Scotia. Following this the two commissioners responsible with credit of 25,000 Jamaican pounds from the government of Jamaica, expended £3,000 on of land and built the community of Preston. Governor Wentworth was granted an allowance of £240 annually from England to provide religious instruction and schooling for the community. After the first winter, the Maroons, raised in an independent culture and not impressed with the apparently servile virtues of cultivating the soil, became less tolerant of the conditions in which they were living. The British government decided to send the Maroons to its new colony of Freetown in present-day Sierra Leone (West Africa), which had been established for the black poor of London, as well as Black Loyalists from Canada who chose to join them. The Maroon survivors from Nova Scotia were transported to Freetown in 1800. The final leg of their journey was aboard . She arrived at Halifax on 31 May 1800, presumably still under her captain from 1796, Robert Murray, to pick up the Maroons, sailed again with them on 8 August, and arrived in Sierra Leone on 30 September that year. In 1841, some of the Maroons returned to Jamaica to work for Jamaican planters who desperately needed workers.〔Fortin (2006), p. 23.〕 The Jamaican Maroons are still well remembered in Sierra Leone. They gradually merged with the larger Creole community, the descendants of various groups of freed slaves landed in Freetown between 1792 and about 1855. Some modern Creoles (or "Krio") still proudly claim descent from the Maroons. The Creole congregation of Freetown's St. John's Maroon Church, which was built by the Maroons in 1820 on what is now the city's main street, are especially vocal in proclaiming their descent from the Jamaican exiles. The Maroons brought their ceremonial music and dances along to Sierra Leone. The ceremonial music gradually became a popular Creole music genre and became known as Gumbe music and dance (named after the drum) and still exist nowadays. Somewhere it lost its specific association with Maroons and became identified with the broader Creole population.〔Creolization as Cultural Creativity by Robert Baron and Ana C. Cara〕 ==References== *(Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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